The Best Term Paper Writing Services

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The Ethics Of Animal Testing - 3440 Words

Table of Contents Introduction 2 Chapter 1 – Agree with animal experiments 3 Introduction 3 Safety 3 Great contribution of animal experiments 5 Chapter 2 – Against Animal experiments 7 Introduction 7 Experiment animals have rights 7 Scientific Limitations of Using Animals 10 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Table of figures Figure 1 – Chimpanzees are trained to be astronauts. 6 Figure 2 – monkey cages covered with waste and feces 8 Figure 3 – disabled monkeys 9 Introduction Animal experiments or laboratory animal science have been a popular controversial issue. Since the seventeenth century, there are debates on the ethics of animal testing. The ultimate goal of the development of laboratory animal science, that is, through the animal studies of the phenomenon of life itself, and then push the use of human, explore the mysteries of human life, control of human diseases and aging and prolong human life. Nowadays, Animal experiments are permitted in many countries. In the other hand, there are also many dissenting voices. They said animal testing is ‘inhumane’. It is too cruel and has potentially dangerous to human beings and Ecosystem. However, Animal experiments are generally used in the development and testing of new medicines. It is estimated worldwide that the number of vertebrate animals using for animal experiments ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million used annually. And Animal experiment had made a great contributi on in the field of science,Show MoreRelatedEthics of Animal Testing754 Words   |  3 PagesEthics of Animal Testing For my paper I chose the topic of animal testing because I have always been very passionate for animals and against animal abuse. I have never believed in animal testing and that there were always other alternatives. I wanted to look further into and educate myself about what is being done about this and why it is an ethical issue. I have come up with an axiom to summarize this topic. Testing animals in research revolves around the relative or moral value of humans and animalsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Testing1534 Words   |  7 Pagessucceed in many areas, but has also damaged the basic ethics and morals in some of us. Today on television, we see the over dramatized body spray commercials or a famous celebrity advertising their favorite shampoo and stating its claims, but what most do not know is that a couple or couple hundred, animals were killed to approve, by law, of that product. This act is called animal testing, which is the method or experiment that forces an animal to g o through any harm or distress (Thew). I do not agreeRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Testing1299 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. ------ English 11 11 June 2017 Animal Testing Animal testing dates back all the way to Greek physician scientists like Aristotle and Erasistratus. Greek scientist conducted experiments to understand the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology just like our scientists do today. The moral ethics of animal testing has always been questioned, but many cures and treatments have been found due to animal testing discoveries. Animal testing is necessary for humankind s overall wellRead MoreEssay on Animal Testing Ethics646 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Ethics Is animal testing right or wrong? No one has really answered that so far. Everyone has their own opinion about it. I personally think that if we are not abusing the testing it should be allowed. I dont think it is necessary to test animals for every little thing that goes on the market but sure why not when it relates to a life or death thing like cancer. How else would we make sure the medications wouldn’t kill us? Safety tests are conductedRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Testing2235 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"With all things being equal, the simplest explanation tends to be the right one† (William of Ockham). Animals generally are used to be tested on by researchers for a various amount of reasons. Researchers and scientists worldwide, are determined to find solutions to finding cures to diseases, and any other consumer products that include cosmetic products, that humans use. The term FDA (Food Drug Administration) was created in the year of 1906, by Theodore Roosevelt and Harvey Washington WileyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Testing On Cosmetic Products2035 Words   |  9 Pagesout in hives and a rash. What did you do wrong? You assume that all the products you used were safe because you bought it in the store, but was it thoroughly and properly tested to the extent of use? Most consumers are concerned with the ethics of animal testing on cosmetic products. But, are they aware o f the accuracy of these tests? And are there other advanced options? Cosmetics are not limited to women’s make-up. They include face creams, baby oils, skin care products, deodorants, lotionsRead MoreEssay The Ethics of Medical Animal Testing1941 Words   |  8 Pageshuman race comes before any other consideration. This is the justification for the use of nonhuman animal testing in medicine. Of course this argument brings issues into play that are both ethical and professional and need exploring before a definitive answer can be given. The Rights of â€Å"Lesser Life Forms† Animals have rights. This is a statement that very few people will disagree with. Animal cruelty as an end unto itself (i.e. for entertainment) is just wrong. Short of being a sociopath IRead MoreThe Ethics of Animal Testing for Vaccine Development and Potential Alternatives 1983 Words   |  8 PagesAnimal testing is important to ensure the safety of a variety of products, specifically pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical devices used for surgery and other treatments. It has also been used throughout history for various purposes. Once an unregulated practice, today there are laws, regulations, and requirements associated with the ethical use of animal models. In the United States, animal studies are now required before moving on to clinical trials. Legalities aside, controversy still arisesRead MoreCost-Benefit Analysis Of The Ethics Of Animal Testing1606 Words   |  7 Pagesconsideration† view that all animals, including humans, have the same right to not suffer or b e harmed. A cost-benefit analysis justifying these types of experiments should be used to evaluate the appropriateness of using animals for the research. The United Kingdom has adopted this perspective calling for a complete ban on all experiments that cause more harm to the animals than would be of benefit to humans. The United Kingdom has historically been a leader in terms of regulating animal research and has bannedRead MoreAnimal Experimentation And Biomedical Ethics Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal activists and scientists experience ongoing conflict between animal experimentation and biomedical ethics. Animal testing is one of the oldest methods of experimentation. In the 1980s, the animal rights movement and the argument surrounding the ethics came under fire. As a result of this movement, the experimental procedures became public, giving more incentive to the activists and momentum to their cause. The ethics of animal experimentation come into question in everything f rom beauty products

Construction of Business for Financial - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConstruction of Business Managementfor Financial Crisis. Answer: Global financial crisis entered a new era when governments struggled to save their financial institutions and strongholds. Many of powerful countries suffered great setbacks in their economies, but Australia response to the global financial crisis saved the countrys economy through announcing budget stimuli packages to curb the financial crisis. The packages were released with the first and second stimuli both were injected into the system to serve different purposes which would and helped the recession economy. Company to be able to say that it has evaded the financial crisis some facts are looked upon example all the staff payment should be cleared, the company should be out of debts and be able to give profit financial statement at least (Shi, Halpin, (2003) Procurement Strategies Procurement strategy is the plan or method used to be most effectively in optimizing the resources in acquiring material or items legally in a company or organization. Every procurement department in an organization works for hand in hand with a budget plan of the organization and with consideration of some of the strategic plans and projects already in progress. Also, the company should consider environmental factors surrounding the business that is the social and economy considerations; most valuable commodity price flow and international stoke market which should act as a primary guideline in preparedness of GFC (Creyer, (1997) The company financial data record is essential is in procurement department operational duties which many facts are to be considered. Capital flow is a major issue to consider this is by analyzing profit incomes, the tax rate in the company, growth of the company and majorly cost of operation. By the considerations the company put in place the fact in the time of GFC not to rely on the government stimuli, it will have a smooth flow of economy if the even the financial crises strike again it will have a lot of boost of its own to stabilize its self. Procurement planning should have series of revision exercises before having any procurement done. Analysis of the spending data of the procurement should be well done; all the company record should in order so as to know the maximum amount that should be spent on the procurement. Tender and supplier management with the corporation should be considered very well too (or intending to) have good quality supplies and to be able to have good relation with the supplier. Procurement department should consider having an excellent customer relationship and try to get feedback about their services to the company; it is through the client's relation that many of the loopholes in the department can be noted. The category management should be well studied through to have sustainable and efficient procurement. The awarding and implementation of the tender to the successful supplier is work of category manager. The category manager also does contract management essentially he is to ensure proper pa rticipation of key stakeholders and keep update with the suppliers in case of any changes (Jeston, Nelis, (2014). Procurement analysis involves the consideration of the review of; strategic situation analysis (SWOT) Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threat, procurement capability of development and policy, procedure, processes and system initiatives which are usually in procurement manual that highlights all protocol in the department. Company Behavior and Ethics In every firm ethics and behavior are critical as this is what sells companys image to the customer and also determines a lot the outcome to the profitability of the business. Apart from having a good image to the customers, most of the companies have come up to make the behavior and ethics a regulatory requirement to every worker to a bind to them. Teamwork and efficiency in most of the workplaces require and mostly depend on the behavior and ethics. Lessons learned from GFC show that company preparedness to the recession of the economy was very few that most of them even went bankrupt to the point of being closed (Mohr, et al. (2001). Behavior at work and a personal level are one of the most specified by the companies in workplaces. Behavior mostly is summarized as the relationship between fellow working colleges, appropriate dressing, language and accountability of the action at the workplace. Integrity is the honesty that is required to a worker by the company or his/her organization. Honesty is an important virtue that one must develop by his own so as to be able to work for any company with confidence. Example workers working in banks and financial institution are required a lot of integrity in them from even the customers to manage their money and properties. Accountability to work is a great requirement for every company and every corporative. The liability of worker is known by how he is responsible for his/her position whether as a manager or just as a messenger in the companys Teamwork is a most driving necessity to every business success. Even up to department levels in the enterprise collaboration is most required to have a sufficient production. The example in health care or hospital many of the doctors have specialized in a different field, and at the point, a euro surgeon may require assistance from the psychology doctor or just the pharmacist. Commitment to work is paramount also to every worker in that in the event at one point when one is needed to have extra time or effort to fulfill certain task the company can rely on the employee. Example doctors are supports to be very committed in their work such that even when required in an emergency at night they can be counted on to save lives. Conclusion For a company to be able to avoid the GFC a lot has to be taken into consideration from workers themselves and also to the organizational structure of the corporation. The procurement department should be able to meet the required policies and procedures by the company are strictly followed for any purchase done. Workers also have a significant role to play in the whole company itself depend on the employee's teamwork and efficiency. Also, the companies should have measures in place to able to curb global financial crisis if it happens to occur again and even know a way to predict future occurrence of GFS (Jttner, Maklan, (2011). References Creyer, E. H. (1997). The influence of firm behavior on purchase intention: do consumers care about business ethics. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 14(6), 421-432. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014). Business process management. Routledge. Jttner, U., Maklan, S. (2011). Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: an empirical study. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 246-259. Mohr, L. A., Webb, D. J., Harris, K. E. (2001). Do consumers expect companies to be socially responsible? The impact of corporate social responsibility on buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 45-72. Shi, J. J., Halpin, D. W. (2003). Enterprise resource planning for construction business management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 129(2), 214-221.

Spousal Violence Essays - Abuse, Domestic Violence, Crime

Spousal Violence Violence against family members is something women do at least as often as men. There are dozens of solid scientific studies that reveal in a startlingly different picture of family violence than what we usually see in the media. For instance, Murray Straus, a sociologist and co-director for the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire gave some statistics that blew my mind away. He concluded saying that women were three times more likely than men to use weapons in spousal violence. He also said that women hit their male children more than they hit their female children and women commit 52 percent of spousal killings and are convicted of 41 percent of spousal murders. There are also some misleading statistics about family violence. One, men do not usually report their violent wives to police, because they have too much pride. Two is that children do not usually report their violent mothers to the police. A reason why we do not see many women get reported is because the media does not encourage men to report the crime. Women are the ones who are encouraged to report the spousal violence by countless media reminders. The media always portray the woman to be the victim and the male to be the perpetrator. Men and children may not report when a woman injures them, but the dead bodies of the men and children who are the victims of violent women are usually reported. There is much confusion about whom to believe in the debate about spousal violence. On one side we have the women's feminist groups whom rely on law enforcement statistics. On the other side we have social scientist who rely on scientifically structured studies, which do not get any media attention. America's press is more concerned with the political correctness than scientific accuracy. That is why our society is so screwed up now, because of the media. It is important to note that there have been the same kind of studies done in many countries. There is cross-cultural verification that women are more violent than men in family settings. When behavior has cross-cultural verification it means that it is part of human nature rather than a result of cultural conditioning. Females are most often the perpetrators in spousal violence in all cultures that have been studied to date. That leads many professionals to conclude that there is something biological about violent females in family situations. Women see the home as their territory. Like many other species on the planet, we human will ignore size difference when we experience conflict in our own territory. World wide, women are more violent than men in family settings. Women usually initiate spousal abuse. That means they hit first, and women hit more frequently, as well as using weapons three times more often than men. This combination of violent acts means that efforts to find solutions to the family violence problem need to include appropriate focus on female perpetrators. We need to recognize that women are violent, and we need nationwide educational programs that portray women are perpetrators. Other studies show that men are becoming less violent at the same time that women are becoming more violent. Educating men seems to be working. Educating men seems to be working. Educating women to be less violent should now be the main thrust of public education programs. Just as bad cases make bad laws, so can celebrity cases reinforce old myths. The biggest myth the O.J. Simpson case is likely to reinforce is the myth that domestic violence is a one way street (male-to-female), and its corollary, that male violence against women in an outgrowth of masculinity. I felt violence was an out growth of masculinity. But, men are responsible for most of the violence, which occurs outside the home. However, when 54 percent of women in lesbian relationships acknowledge violence in their current relationship, vs. only 11 percent of heterosexual couples reporting violence, I realize that domestic violence is not an outgrowth of male biology. There are some good men out there that will not hit back no matter what the woman does. This is an article that appeared in the April 20, 1997 edition of the Detroit News:

Native Son- Cycle of Poverty Essays

Native Son- Cycle of Poverty Essays Native Son- Cycle of Poverty Essay Native Son- Cycle of Poverty Essay Essay Topic: Fight Club Novel Native Son Cycle of Poverty Do poor children become poor adults? Does your financial status predetermine you and your family’s success rate? The cycle of poverty is a cold hearted phenomenon. Throughout the world families struggle to break the cycle of poverty- but does it work? In Native Son by Richard Wright, the cycle of poverty rules the Thomas family. They are born into poverty and find it extremely difficult to lift themselves out of their tragic situation. Although several individuals in the novel work to end the cycle, many of their solutions are insufficient and do not take on the problem as a whole. Bigger Thomas and his family clearly portray a typical family stuck in the cycle of poverty. Although many attempts are made to break the cycle, we learn that it takes more than a few individuals to end poverty. The Thomas family fits almost perfectly into the cycle of poverty. Bigger, the main character, lives with his two siblings and his mother. His father died during a riot, leaving his uneducated mother alone with three children, and his children without a role model. This describes the first steps of the cycle of poverty. An uneducated single parent has little opportunities to move forward in life. Biggers mother struggles to pay their high rent of $8 while trying to properly raise, feed, clothe, and take care of three children. With a single parent trying to make ends meet, the kids are often unsupervised. Supervision is important in early life because it enforces rules and teaches right from wrong. If children are unsupervised, they miss out on learning the basics of life and how things work. Unsupervised kids often get caught up in mischief and mayhem. Bigger constantly finds himself hanging around with a group of guys whose thoughts revolve around crime. They conspire to rob a liquor store, they masturbate in a public theater, they get into fights, and more. Furthermore, with so much crime committed by those in poverty- many of whom are African American- discrimination comes easily to others. A newspaper during Bigger’s murder trial explains that, â€Å"Thomas comes of a poor darky family of shiftless and immoral variety. He was raised here and is known to local residents as an irreformable sneak theif and liar. . . Crimes such as Bigger Thomas murders could be lessened by segregating all Negroes in parks, playgrounds, cafes, theatres, and street cars. Residential segregation is imperative† (p. 280-281). This discrimination keeps the doors shut to many opportunities. Whites viewed blacks as inadequate, incapable, dangerous, untrustworthy people. For this reason, blacks were not allowed to do many of the things that whites were able to. In Biggers case, he wanted to fly: â€Å"If you wasn’t black and you had some money and if they’d let you go to that aviation school, you could fly a plane† (p. 17). The disappointment of having nothing to aspire to or look forward to causes people to lose hope. Once hope is lost, it is hard to rise up. Being so restrained also makes people feel trapped and isolated, â€Å"‘. . . I just can’t get used to it,’ Bigger said, ‘I swear to God I can’t. . . Every time I think about it I feel like somebody’s poking a red hot iron down my throat. Goddamn it, look! We live here and they live there. We black and they white. They got things and we ain’t. They do things and we can’t. It’s just like living in jail. Half the time I feel like I’m on the outside of the world peeping in through a knothole in the fence†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 21). Since the chances of achieving the â€Å"normal† is so low for those in poverty, their standards and goals are compromised. Instead of striving to be the best, they strive to just live comfortably. These are all parts of the cycle of poverty that keep people from thriving or â€Å"living†. Mr. Dalton, a white millionaire in Native Son, takes several approaches to help end the cycle of poverty for African Americans. His solutions include sending ping-pong tables to the South Side Boys Club, offer some African Americans jobs, and send money to African American education programs. Although these are good attempts, they do not efficiently help the poor people as a whole. His action of sending ping-pong tables does not educate, offer opportunity, give self-esteem or confidence, and does not create equality in any way. These would be good steps to improving the poor’s lifestyle. Max tries to relay this to Mr. Dalton in Biggers jail cell: â€Å"Will ping-pong tables keep men from murdering? Cant you see? Even after losing your daughter, youre going to keep going in the same direction? Dont you grant as much life-feeling to other men as you have? Could ping-pong have kept you from making your millions? This boy and millions like him want a meaningful life, not ping-pong (p. 295). Although it does not offer any opportunities, it does help keep young African Americans busy and off the streets, therefore reducing crime. When kids are actively busy and productive, they are less likely to participate in mischievous activities. By Dalton offering jobs to African Americans he is definitely helping their society. The only problem with this idea is that h e is only helping one out of millions of people. He cannot end the cycle of poverty through one person. Dalton offers Bigger a job working as his family’s chauffeur, trying to give Bigger a chance at the world. While his intentions are good, he is subliminally enforcing the concept of blacks being inferior to whites. He works in the house serving their family. He is somewhat in the same situation as slaves- which the time period had just gotten over- except he was treated well and paid. With this job, Bigger realized that there is no room for improvement or a higher status. The most beneficial thing that Dalton did to support the black community was send money to educational programs. Education is the first step to success, and by allowing more African Americans to obtain an education he is helping the black community take a step forward. If more African Americans were educated, then less of them would be in poverty which would cause less discrimination and so on. Overall, his attempts do slowly help progress the African American race, but they were still not sufficient to end the cycle as a whole. Just as Mr. Dalton, Max has good intentions in helping the poor and his solutions as well are not sufficient. Max, who is Biggers lawyer at his murder trial, tries helping the poor black community by defending African Americans in court. He is one of the few people who realizes racism and discrimination, and he wants to change it. He tells in court the reasons why Bigger commits the awful crimes that he does. His explanation blames the whites for oppressing him and never giving him a chance to â€Å"live†. Max sees the big picture in which no one else can seem to grasp: â€Å"Multiply Bigger Thomas twelve million times, allowing for environmental and temperamental variations, and for those Negroes who are completely under the influence of the church, and you have the psychology of the Negro people. But once you have them as a whole, once your eyes leave the individual and encompass the mass, a new quality comes into the picture. Taken collectively, they are not simply twelve million people; in reality they constitute a separate nation, stunted, stripped, and held captive within this nation, devoid of political, social, economic, and property rights† (p. 397). Max explains how this reason led to Bigger Thomas murdering, standing up for the African American race at the same time. The only problems with Maxs solution to defend blacks is that he is connected to the communist party. A local preacher tries to convince Max that he is jeopardizing Biggers case, â€Å". . . there ain no usa draggin no Communism in this thing, Mistah. Ah respecks yo feelins powerfully, suh; but whut yuhs astin jus stirs up mo hate† (p. 289). Many people are against communism and even afraid of it. Bringing communism into a non-communistic case only brings trouble. People will have no trouble connecting the two, even if they are completely unrelated. Another problem with Maxs solution is that he is trying to help those who have already lost the battle. There is no hope for those who have their fate decided for them already- death. He should try to catch these people early, before they make the wrong decisions. Even though Max sees the whole picture, he is wasting his time at the wrong end of the cycle of poverty. Breaking the cycle of poverty will take more than helping a few individuals and saving a couple people from death row. In order to create an escape from the cycle, actions will need to be taken at the very first steps of poverty. Education is the most important factor of success and unfortunately, not many of the poor are offered the chance to a good education. Systems could be set up that provide cheap, convenient, and accessible education. These systems could be in personal environments, at a local church, over the computer, on video, etc. Getting the poor educated will then lead to them making better decisions and having more opportunities. As for unsupervised children who often end up in trouble with the law, community centers could be built. These places could offer fun activities, food, tutors, and overall just a place to â€Å"hangout†. Giving children somewhere to go keeps them off the streets and out of trouble. Community center supervisors could also play as role models for those who are in lack of. Another way to help prevent some people from falling into the cycle of poverty is to offer free contraception and medical care. Planned Parenthood and other facilities currently provide these types of services, but making them more accessible and more convenient would help save many teens from unwanted pregnancies. In all, one person can not end the cycle of poverty; there must be a change in society as a whole. The cycle of poverty is shown clearly throughout Native Son, with Bigger Thomas and his family being stuck right in it. With the restrictions that are put on them, they struggle greatly to improve their lives. It seems impossible for them to be anything but poor. Although both Mr. Dalton and Max try to help the Thomas family, we learn that the problem is much larger than what they can handle. It takes a want for change from society, not from a selected few. Problems need to be nipped in the bud to ensure that everyone gets the same chance at life. Although this ideal may not be attainable, we are certainly able to try to improve the current conditions.

Pollution - Human health and the environment Assignment

Pollution - Human health and the environment - Assignment Example ubstances are responsible for causing skin disorders, respiratory abnormalities, abdominal problems, eye infections, damage to the central nervous system, and blood disorders (Santrock, 2014). The problem of interaction between environmental pollution and health is considered a global issue since pollution is not restricted to place and time. The problem of health hazards caused by environmental pollution is widely recognized due to fatalities that are associated with it. Pollution effects of health are caused by both natural and human factors. The greatest natural factor that spurs health hazards of pollution constitutes tsunamis. A tsunami is a series of water waves that results from a displacement of large volumes of water in an ocean or sea. The 2004 Indian tsunami is one of the deadliest in history of the world that caused deaths of more than 230, 000 people (Gullì, 2013). Tsunamis cause widespread destruction and deposits solid and liquid chemicals into water bodies. Global warming is the unequivocal and constant rise in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system. Human factors that cause pollution include emissions from industries and manufacturing activities, burning fossil fuels, household and farming chemicals, and discharge of untreated sewage into water bodies. The effects of pollution cause chemical reactions that create poisonous gases. An example of a poisonous gas is ground-level ozone, which is adversarial to p eople’s health (Grandjean, 2013). Pollution also causes to depletion of ozone layer from the atmosphere, leading to exposure of people to harmful ultra-violet rays. A clean environment is highly fundamental for human health and wellbeing. Human beings depend on environmental factors for their survival (Gullì, 2013). Without environment, no life would exist on the earth. The environment consists of both living and non-living components that surround a person, place, or an object. The interactions between the environment

The Restoration of Michelangelos Sistine Chapel Essay

The Restoration of Michelangelos Sistine Chapel - Essay Example Although there had been numerous problems in determining just how to decorate the ceiling of this structure as well as problems in stabilizing this same ceiling, the primary question for many was in whether or not to trust Michelangelo, a sculptor, with something at once so important and so degrading. For while Michelangelo is widely celebrated today for his work on the chapel, ceiling work such as what he was requested to perform was typically the work of lesser artists. Once the details had been ironed out and egos soothed, Michelangelo went to work demonstrating his artistic genius. Original descriptions of the chapel indicated that the paintings were alive with brilliant color, stunning imagery and mastery of technique, but visitors to the chapel in the centuries since have felt the images must have lost some of this vigor. As the previous century discovered, this has indeed been the case as almost 500 years of soot, smoke and pollution have accumulated over the faces of the imag es while the underlying structure has been assaulted by the ravages of decay and erosion. While some hailed this move as a much-needed preservation effort, others argued any attempts at restoration would necessarily destroy the artistry and originality of its creator. The purpose of this document is to explore some of the controversy surrounding the Sistine Chapel, beginning with the problems of its original creation and then jumping forward to the issues involved in attempting to restore such an irreplaceable international treasure, finishing with an analysis of the outcome of the restoration efforts.